The method of backcrossing is applied with the help of molecular markers in modern genetics. Marker assisted foreground selection marker assisted foreground selection was proposed by tanksley 1983. Department of crop science, faculty of agriculture, universiti putra malaysia, 43400 upm serdang, selangor, malaysia. The heat treatment not only enhances processing costs of the soybased foods and feeds but also affects seedprotein quality and solubility. The number of dna markers developed was considerably lower at that time compared to the present. Markerassisted introgression of quantitative resistance. It differs from gene assisted selection gas which refers to the selection which is based on qtls quantitative trait locus or loci. Aug 03, 2009 read marker assisted backcross breeding to improve cooking quality traits in myanmar rice cultivar manawthukha, field crops research on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. In the marker assisted backcrossing introgression lines, a 97% increase in oleic acid, and a 92% reduction in linoleic acid content was. In this study, we attempted for the first time to transfer cms into maintainer line yosen b in restricted generations using the marker. It is used in horticulture, animal breeding and in production of gene knockout organisms. Marker assisted backcrossing mabc is one of the most promising approaches is the use of molecular markers to identify and select genes.
In this article, we will address general principles and methodologies of marker assisted breeding in plants and discuss some issues related to the procedures and applications of this methodology in practical breeding, including marker assisted selection, marker based backcrossing, marker based pyramiding of multiple genes, etc. Important features of the study included i marker assisted backcrossing to generate genetically similar inbred variants for each gm line, ii highresolution genotyping to evaluate the genetic similarity of gm lines to the corresponding recurrent parents and iii. The marker works like a typical highlighter it does not obscure. Tutorial of the breeding planner bp for marker assisted. Introgression of sub1 qtl into br22 using marker assisted. Then the polymerase chain reaction pcr of whole backcrossing bc populations was set up using the polymorphic primers. Its efficiency depends on the experimental design, most notably on the marker density and position, population size, and selection strategy. Markerassisted backcrossing of two white mold resistant. Twogeneration marker aided backcrossing for rapid conversion of normal maize lines to quality protein maize qpm theoretical and applied genetics 2005 111. Jul 12, 2016 presence of kunitz trypsin inhibitor kti in soybean seeds necessitates preheat treatment of the soyflour for its inactivation before using it in food and feed products. The marker assisted derived drought and submergence tolerant rice varieties will help to reduce the yield losses associated with farming in droughtflood prone rainfed lowland areas, provide farmers with insurance of good yield and shall encourage marker breeding programs developing better varieties tolerant to multiple abiotic and biotic stresses.
Selection theory for markerassisted backcrossing ncbi. Background selection was performed in each backcrossed population, and individuals with higher. Marker assisted backcross breeding to improve cooking. Improvement of rice crop by markerassisted backcross method. Do transgenesis and markerassisted backcross breeding. Developing a maize genotype with a combination of higher lysine and tryptophan, along with. The relative contribution of targetsite mutations in. Selection of individuals with specific alleles for traits controlled by a limited number of loci up to 68. Backcrossing is used in plant breeding to transfer introgress favorable traits from a. Therefore, diversifying the cms sources is indispensible for a sustainable production system of hybrid seed. The favorable lcye allele was introgressed into four sweet corn lines by marker assisted selection mas.
Development of submergence tolerant backcross recombinant lines through marker assisted backcrossing with. The pen and marker allow you to create handwritten annotations and drawings or markups. In the present study, marker assisted backcrossing was employed for the introgression of two fad2 mutant alleles from sunoleic95r into the chromosome of icgv06100, a high oil content peanut breeding line. Agronomy free fulltext development of sakon nakhon rice. In the current study, applying marker assisted backcrossing approach we developed a set of near isogenic lines nils that represents a proper genetic model for dissection of the purple pigmentation trait of barley grain. The linked rapd and scar markers were confirmed in the f 2 population from the cross of line ms3. Marker assisted backcrossing was continued till bc 2 generation wherein pcr based functional markers specific for the resistance genes were used for foreground selection and a set of parental polymorphic microsatellite markers were used for background selection at each stage of backcrossing. Jul 20, 2014 the plant genome original research markerassisted backcrossing to develop an elite cytoplasmic male sterility line in rice. The rice variety swarnalata, carrying bph resistance gene bph6 and resisting bph biotype 4 bangladesh bph popu. To use the marker, select tool marker from the menu. Three levels of selection during marker assisted backcrossing 3. Marker assisted backcrossing has been found to be specially valuable where there are many good varieties that need to be improved for just one simply inherited trait such as certain pest or diseases or a component trait for enhancing adaptation or stress tolerance. Congenic strains are identical at all genetic loci except. Markerassisted backcrossing qtl for partial resistance to.
With the development of molecular tools and molecular genetic linkage maps for plants, marker assisted selection mas has become much more broadly applicable. Ismail2, ham huy le1, 1department of molecular biology, agricultural genetics institute agi. Marker assisted pyramiding of bph6 and bph9 into elite restorer line 9311 and development of functional marker for bph9 yang wang, weihua jiang, hongmei liu, ya zeng, bo du, lili zhu, guangcun he and rongzhi chen abstract background. Mabc has three main advantages over conven tional backcrossing. More specifi cally, plant breeding will benefi t from the use of genomics tools through i more eff ectively. Markerassisted backcrossing to introgress resistance to. In molecular or marker assisted breeding, dna mb markers are used as a substitute for phenotypic selection and to accelerate the release of improved cultivars. Markerassisted pyramiding of genes conferring resistance. Marker assisted selection in comparison to conventional. Markerassisted backcrossing using microsatellites and validation of scar phs marker 3 polymorphic primers were initially selected using the parents from 480 pairs of ssr primers. The breeding population was constructed by crossing the skn recurrent with the rd6 introgression line donor, which contained four blast resistant quantitative trait loci qtls. The relative contribution of targetsite mutations in complex. Here, we used marker assisted backcrossing to create congenic lines carrying nine mutations alone, or in combination in a few cases associated with resistance to avermectins, pyrethroids, mite growth inhibitors and mitochondrial complex iii inhibitors qoi in a polyphagous arthropod pest, the spider mite tetranychus urticae. Markerassisted gene pyramiding for inbred line development.
We report here the introgression of the broadspectrum blast resistance gene pi2 into the genetic background of an elite ptgms line, feng39s, for enhancing it and its derived hybrid blast resistance through marker assisted backcrossing mabc coupled with genomicsbased background selection. Marker assisted backcrossing mabc for improved salinity tolerance in rice oryza sativa l. The basis of mabc strategy is to transfer a geneqtl from a donor line to a recipient line while selecting against donor introgressions across the rest of the genome. Prerequisites for an efficient marker assisted selection program. Steady expression of high oleic acid in peanut bred by. Iftekharuddaula k, sarker a, ghoshal s, aditya tl, et al. Markerassisted backcrossing for striga resistance in cowpea. Maize is an excellent nutritional source and is consumed as a staple food in different parts of the world, including india. Development of new submergence tolerant rice variety for. Markerassisted backcross is of great practical interest in applied breeding schemes either to manipulate classical genes between elite lines or from genetic resources, or to manipulate transgenic constructions. Markerassisted backcrossing mabc compared to conventional backcrossing. Introgression of blast resistance genes into the elite rice variety mr263 through marker.
The objectives of this study were to determine in markerassisted backcrossing mab i the optimum positioning of flanking markers d1, d2 and ii the minimum. Application of marker assisted backcrossing to introgress the submergence tolerance qtl. Marker assisted backcrossing qtl for partial resistance to sclerotinia white mold in dry bean phillip n. Classical plant breeding is the intentional interbreeding and selection of plant varieties with the goal of producing new varieties with improved properties e. Markerassisted backcrossing using microsatellites and. Selection theory for markerassisted backcrossing genetics.
The potential impact of genetically modified gm plants on human health has attracted much attention worldwide, and the issue remains controversial. Selection theory for markerassisted backcrossing matthias frisch and albrecht e. Introgression the salinity tolerance qtls saltol into as996. Marker assisted selection mas a method of selecting desirable individuals in a breeding scheme based on dna molecular marker patterns instead of, or in addition to, their. Introgression the salinity tolerance qtls saltol into. Dec 12, 2019 in the present study, marker assisted backcrossing was employed for the introgression of two fad2 mutant alleles from sunoleic95r into the chromosome of icgv06100, a high oil content peanut breeding line. Markerassisted backcrossing mabc for improved salinity. Thirteen randomly selected improved lines, representing all the three genetic backgrounds.
Application of marker assisted backcrossing to introgress the. The purpose of this study was to breed skn for blast resistance, using marker assisted backcrossing, together with phenotypic selection. Pdf on jan 1, 2000, ae melchinger and others published plabsim. Ismail2, ham huy le1, 1department of molecular biology, agricultural genetics institute agi, pham van dong street, tuliem, hanoi, vietnam. Marker assisted backcrossing was done till bc 2 generation, after which the backcross plants bc 2 f 1 derived from the two crosses possessing the maximum recurrent parent genome recovery were intercrossed for pyramiding all the three resistance genes into mtu1010. Focusing on transcriptome variation and perturbation to signaling pathways, we assessed the molecular and biological. Development of new drought tolerant breeding lines for. Microsatelliteassisted backcross selection in maize scielo. A total of 192 improved lines at the bc 4 f 3 and bc 4 f 4 generations were developed and confirmed to have the gene introgression via genotyping using a pi21specific indel marker. Sep 26, 2019 maize is an excellent nutritional source and is consumed as a staple food in different parts of the world, including india. Regarding this, mabc can contribute to develop resistant or highyielding or quality rice varieties by incorporating a gene of interest into an elite variety which is. This kind of molecular marker is one which is located directly within the gene of interest. From the last decade, developing ability to transfer target genomic regions using dna markers resulted in extensive mapping experiments aimed at development of mas.
Marker assisted selection for pyramiding multiple genes this tutorial is designed for mabc august 20. Marker assisted backcrossing is widely used to introgress one or several target genes from a donor into the genome of a recipient parent. Molecular markers and markerassisted breeding in plants. Markerassisted backcrossing is routinely applied for gene introgression in plant and animal breeding. Two ptgms lines, designated as db16206 34 and db1620638, stacking homozygous pi2 were selected, and their genetic background had recurrent parent. Marker assisted pyramiding of bph6 and bph9 into elite. A quick and efficient strategy was implemented to introgress. Genetic elimination of kti is an important and effective approach. Improving rice blast resistance of feng39s through molecular. Marker assisted backcrossing background selection l4 80% of melakh used for bc2. Lande and thompson 1990 then pioneered the theoretical studies of mas for quantitative traits, which triggered the publication of a series of simulation studies through the 1990s e. Marker assisted selection or marker aided selection mas is an indirect selection process where a trait of interest is selected based on a marker morphological, biochemical or dnarna variation linked to a trait of interest e. While selection theory is the most important tool for the design of breeding programs for improvement of quantitative characters, no general selection theory is available for markerassisted backcrossing.
This is in sharp contrast to the broad acceptance of plants produced by breeding through marker assisted backcrossing mab. Software for simulation of markerassisted backcrossing find, read and. The result of the study contributes to enhancing and sustaining future livelihoods and food security in vietnam visavis climate change. Mar 04, 2015 marker assisted backcrossing mabc is one of the most promising approaches is the use of molecular markers to identify and select genes controlling resistance to those factors. Markerassisted backcrossing mabc for improved salinity tolerance in rice oryza sativa l. Assisted backcrossing to develop an elite cytoplasmic. An innovative strategy based on marker assisted backcrossing mabc was used to transform popular rice variety as996 into the one can tolerate submergence while maintaining its original characteristics preferred by farmers and consumers. Introgression of null allele of kunitz trypsin inhibitor.
Feb 26, 2015 marker assisted backcrossing mabc is one of the most promising approaches is the use of molecular markers to identify and select genes controlling resistance to those factors. Application of marker assisted backcrossing to introgress. Materials and methods experimental sites planting and backcrossing experiments were done in the ubon rice research center and rice gene discovery unit rgdu, kasetsart university starting in the year 2001 up to 2004. The objective of our research was to evaluate a maize markerassisted backcrossing scheme with emphasis on ascertaining how many markers per chromosome. In this way, the selection of target traits can be achieved indirectly using molecular markers that are closely linked to underlying genes or that have been developed from the actual gene sequences. This study is aimed at improving lysine and tryptophan content by. Crop science abstract minimum sample size and optimal. In marker assisted backcrossing mabc, one tightlylinked simple sequence repeat ssr and two genebased markers, four flanking ssr and 116 background ssr markers were used for foreground, recombinant and background selection, respectively, in backcrosses between a sub1 donor ir409332 and br11. Rapid and highprecision marker assisted backcrossing to. The worlds population is increasing very rapidly, reducing the cultivable land of rice, decreasing table water, emerging new diseases and pests, and the climate changes are major issues that must be addressed to researchers to develop sustainable. Marker assisted backcrossing mabc is one of the most promising approaches is the use of molecular markers to identify and select genes controlling resistance to those factors. Miklas abstract white mold caused by sclerotinia sclerotiorum lib.
Tutorial of the breeding planner bp for marker assisted backcrossing mabc bp system consists of three tools relevant to molecular breeding. Identification and confirmation of rapd and scar markers. Marker assisted backcrossing breeding in plant breeding. Marker assisted selection for pyramiding multiple genes this tutorial is designed for mars. Steady expression of high oleic acid in peanut bred by marker. Corresponding author al amin, plant breeding division, bangladesh rice. Nowadays, marker assisted breeding studies are mostly applied in the backcrossing method.
Marker assisted breeding to develop multiple stress tolerant. Tutorial of the breeding planner bp for marker assisted recurrent selection mars bp system consists of three tools relevant to molecular breeding. Application of marker assisted backcrossing to introgress the submergence tolerance qtl sub1 into the vietnam elite rice varietyas996 530. Marker assisted selection mas is also termed as marker aided selection and marker assisted breeding mab.
Melchinger1 institute of plant breeding, seed science and population genetics, university of hohenheim, 70593 stuttgart, germany manuscript received august 27, 2004. Regarding this, mabc can contribute to develop resistant or highyielding or quality rice varieties by incorporating a gene of interest into an elite variety which is already well adapted by the farmers. Selection for resistance to southwestern corn borer using. The brown planthopper bph has become the most destructive and a serious threat to the rice production in asia. Markerassisted backcrossing is routinely applied in breeding programs for gene introgression. Markerassisted backcrossing of lcye for enhancement of. Flooding is one of the major hazards of rice production for the rainfed lowland rice ecosystem, and tolerant cultivars are urgently needed to help protect farmers from submergence damage. Backcrossing is a crossing of a hybrid with one of its parents or an individual genetically similar to its parent, in order to achieve offspring with a genetic identity which is closer to that of the parent. In this treatise, we develop a theory for markerassisted selection for the proportion of the genome originating from the recurrent parent in a backcross program. Frontiers markerassisted selection to pyramid the opaque2. A number of pcrbased markers have been developed to detect fragrance and assist breeders in their selection of this trait through marker assisted selection breeding programs bradbury et al. Due to these nils, we revealed specific features of the anthocyanin biosynthesis regulation in barley pericarp. Marker assisted backcrossing of two white mold resistant qtl into susceptible pinto bean phil miklas, usdaars, prosser, wa objectives backcross resistancelinked qtl markers into pinto bean fig.
Marker assisted selection marker assisted selection refers to the use of dna markers that are tightlylinked to target loci as a surrogate to phenotypes. The presence of a target allele in an individual is diagnosed by monitoring the genotype at markers linked to the gene for alleles of the donor parent. Introgression of blast resistance genes into the elite. The pen writes on your document like a typical felttip pen. Markerassisted backcross is of great practical interest in applied breeding schemes either to manipulate classical genes between elite lines or from genetic resources, or to. Marker aided selection case studies authorstream presentation.
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